Languages by Countries
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Afghanistan
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Dari Persian, Pashtu (both official), other Turkic and minor languages
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Albania
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Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek
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Algeria
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Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects
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Andorra
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Catalán (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese
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Angola
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Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages
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Antigua and Barbuda
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English (official), local dialects
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Argentina
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Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French
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Armenia
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Armenian 98%, Yezidi, Russian
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Australia
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English 79%, native and other languages
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Austria
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German (official nationwide); Slovene, Croatian, Hungarian (each official in one region)
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Azerbaijan
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Azerbaijani Turkic 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.)
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Bahamas
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English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)
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Bahrain
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Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu
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Bangladesh
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Bangla (official), English
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Barbados
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English
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Belarus
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Belorussian (White Russian), Russian, other
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Belgium
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Dutch (Flemish) 60%, French 40%, German less than 1% (all official)
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Belize
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English (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole
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Benin
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French (official), Fon, Yoruba, tribal languages
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Bhutan
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Dzongkha (official), Tibetan dialects (among Bhotes), Nepalese dialects (among Nepalese)
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Bolivia
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Spanish, Quechua, Aymara (all official)
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Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
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Botswana
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English 2% (official), Setswana 78%, Kalanga 8%, Sekgalagadi 3%, other (2001)
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Brazil
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Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French
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Brunei
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Malay (official), English, Chinese
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Bulgaria
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Bulgarian 85%, Turkish 10%, Roma 4%
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Burkina Faso
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French (official); native African (Sudanic) languages 90%
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Burundi
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Kirundi and French (official), Swahili
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Cambodia
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Khmer 95% (official), French, English
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Cameroon
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French, English (both official); 24 major African language groups
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Canada
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English 59.3%, French 23.2% (both official); other 17.5%
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Cape Verde
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Portuguese, Criuolo
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Central African Republic
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French (official), Sangho (lingua franca, national), tribal languages
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Chad
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French, Arabic (both official); Sara; more than 120 languages and dialects
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Chile
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Spanish
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China
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Standard Chinese (Mandarin/Putonghua), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages
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Colombia
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Spanish
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Comoros
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Arabic and French (both official), Shikomoro (Swahili/Arabic blend)
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Congo, Democratic Republic of the
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French (official), Lingala, Kingwana, Kikongo, Tshiluba
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Congo, Republic of
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French (official), Lingala, Monokutuba, Kikongo, many local languages and dialects
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Costa Rica
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Spanish (official), English
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Côte d'Ivoire
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French (official) and African languages (Dioula esp.)
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Croatia
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Croatian 96% (official), other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, German)
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Cuba
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Spanish
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Cyprus
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Greek, Turkish (both official); English
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Czech Republic
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Czech
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Denmark
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Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (Inuit dialect), German; English is the predominant second language
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Djibouti
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French and Arabic (both official), Somali, Afar
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Dominica
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English (official) and French patois
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Dominican Republic
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Spanish
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East Timor
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Tetum, Portuguese (official); Bahasa Indonesia, English; other indigenous languages, including Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak
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Ecuador
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Spanish (official), Quechua, other Amerindian languages
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Egypt
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Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes
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El Salvador
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Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians)
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Equatorial Guinea
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Spanish, French (both official); pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo
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Eritrea
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Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages
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Estonia
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Estonian 67% (official), Russian 30%, other (2000)
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Ethiopia
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Amharic, Tigrigna, Orominga, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, English, over 70 others
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Fiji
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English (official), Fijian, Hindustani
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Finland
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Finnish 92%, Swedish 6% (both official); small Sami- (Lapp) and Russian-speaking minorities
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France
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French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects (Provençal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish)
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Gabon
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French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi
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Gambia
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English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous
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Georgia
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Georgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azerbaijani 6%, other 7% (Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia)
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Germany
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German
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Ghana
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English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)
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Greece
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Greek 99% (official), English, French
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Grenada
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English (official), French patois
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Guatemala
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Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca)
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Guinea
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French (official), native tongues (Malinké, Susu, Fulani)
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Guinea-Bissau
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Portuguese (official), Criolo, African languages
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Guyana
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English (official), Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu
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Haiti
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Creole and French (both official)
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Honduras
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Spanish (official), Amerindian dialects; English widely spoken in business
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Hungary
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Magyar (Hungarian) 94%, other 6%
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Iceland
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Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken
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India
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Hindi 30%, English, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Kannada, Assamese, Sanskrit, Sindhi (all official); Hindi/Urdu; 1,600+ dialects
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Indonesia
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Bahasa Indonesia (official), English, Dutch, Javanese, and more than 580 other languages and dialects
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Iran
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Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%
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Iraq
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Arabic (official), Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian
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Ireland
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English, Irish (Gaelic) (both official)
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Israel
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Hebrew (official), Arabic, English
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Italy
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Italian (official); German-, French-, and Slovene-speaking minorities
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Jamaica
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English, Jamaican Creole
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Japan
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Japanese
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Jordan
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Arabic (official), English
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Kazakhstan
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Kazak (Qazaq, state language) 64%; Russian (official, used in everyday business) 95% (2001 est.)
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Kenya
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English (official), Swahili (national), and numerous indigenous languages
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Kiribati
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English (official), I-Kiribati (Gilbertese)
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Korea, North
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Korean
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Korea, South
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Korean, English widely taught
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Kuwait
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Arabic (official), English
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Kyrgyzstan
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Kyrgyz, Russian (both official)
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Laos
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Lao (official), French, English, various ethnic languages
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Latvia
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Latvian 58% (official), Russian 38%, Lithuanian, other (2000)
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Lebanon
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Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian
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Lesotho
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English, Sesotho (both official); Zulu, Xhosa
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Liberia
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English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic-group languages
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Libya
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Arabic, Italian, and English widely understood in major cities
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Liechtenstein
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German (official), Alemannic dialect
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Lithuania
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Lithuanian 82% (official), Russian 8%, Polish 6% (2001)
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Luxembourg
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Luxermbourgish (national) French, German (both administrative)
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Macedonia
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Macedonian 67%, Albanian 25% (both official); Turkish 4%, Roma 2%, Serbian 1% (2002)
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Madagascar
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Malagasy and French (both official)
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Malawi
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Chichewa 57.2% (official), Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%, Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other 3.6% (1998)
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Malaysia
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Bahasa Melayu (Malay, official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; several indigenous languages (including Iban, Kadazan) in East Malaysia
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Maldives
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Maldivian Dhivehi (official); English spoken by most government officials
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Mali
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French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages
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Malta
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Maltese and English (both official)
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Marshall Islands
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Marshallese 98% (two major dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family), English widely spoken as a second language (both official); Japanese
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Mauritania
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Hassaniya Arabic (official), Pulaar, Soninke, French, Wolof
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Mauritius
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English less than 1% (official), Creole 81%, Bojpoori 12%, French 3% (2000)
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Mexico
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Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages
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Micronesia
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English (official, common), Chukese, Pohnpeian, Yapase, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi
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Moldova
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Moldovan (official; virtually the same as Romanian), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)
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Monaco
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French (official), English, Italian, Monégasque
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Mongolia
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Mongolian, 90%; also Turkic and Russian (1999)
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Montenegro
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Serbian/Montenegrin (Ijekavian dialect—official)
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Morocco
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Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often used for business, government, and diplomacy
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Mozambique
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Portuguese 9% (official; second language of 27%), Emakhuwa 26%, Xichangana 11%, Elomwe 8%, Cisena 7%, Echuwabo 6%, other Mozambican languages 32% (1997)
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Myanmar
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Burmese, minority languages
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Namibia
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English 7% (official), Afrikaans is common language of most of the population and of about 60% of the white population, German 32%; indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama
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Nauru
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Nauruan (official), English
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Nepal
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Nepali 48% (official), Maithali 12%, Bhojpuri 7%, Tharu 6%, Tamang 5%, others. English spoken by many in government and business (2001)
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Netherlands
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Dutch, Frisian (both official)
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New Zealand
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English, Maori (both official)
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Nicaragua
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Spanish 98% (official); English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast (1995)
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Niger
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French (official), Hausa, Djerma
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Nigeria
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English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo, Fulani, and more than 200 others
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Norway
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Bokmål Norwegian, Nynorsk Norwegian (both official); small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities (Sami is official in six municipalities)
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Oman
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Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects
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Pakistan
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Urdu 8%, English (both official); Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, Burushaski, and others 8%
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Palau
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Palauan 64.7%, English 9.4%, Sonsoralese, Tobi, Angaur (each official on some islands), Filipino 13.5%, Chinese 5.7%, Carolinian 1.5%, Japanese 1.5%, other Asian 2.3%, other languages 1.5% (2000)
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Palestinian State (proposed)
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Arabic, Hebrew, English
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Panama
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Spanish (official), English 14%, many bilingual
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Papua New Guinea
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Tok Pisin (Melanesian Pidgin, the lingua franca), Hiri Motu (in Papua region), English 1%–2%; 715 indigenous languages
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Paraguay
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Spanish, Guaraní (both official)
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Peru
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Spanish, Quéchua (both official); Aymara; many minor Amazonian languages
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Philippines
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Filipino (based on Tagalog), English (both official); eight major dialects: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense
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Poland
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Polish 98% (2002)
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Portugal
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Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)
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Qatar
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Arabic (official); English a common second language
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Romania
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Romanian (official), Hungarian, German
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Russia
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Russian, others
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Rwanda
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Kinyarwanda, French, and English (all official); Kiswahili in commercial centers
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St. Kitts and Nevis
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English
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St. Lucia
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English (official), French patois
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St. Vincent and the Grenadines
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English, French patois
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Samoa
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Samoan, English
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San Marino
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Italian
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São Tomé and Príncipe
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Portuguese (official)
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Saudi Arabia
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Arabic
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Senegal
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French (official); Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
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Serbia
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Serbian (official); Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak, and Croatian (all official in Vojvodina); Albanian (official in Kosovo)
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Seychelles
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Seselwa Creole 92%, English 5%, French (all official) (2002)
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Sierra Leone
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English (official), Mende (southern vernacular), Temne (northern vernacular), Krio (lingua franca)
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Singapore
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Mandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000)
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Slovakia
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Slovak 84% (official), Hungarian 11%, Roma 2%, Ukrainian 1% (2001)
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Slovenia
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Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 5% (2002)
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Solomon Islands
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English 1%–2% (official), Melanesian pidgin (lingua franca), 120 indigenous languages
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Somalia
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Somali (official), Arabic, English, Italian
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South Africa
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IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi 9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%, other 7.2% (2001)
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Spain
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Castilian Spanish 74% (official nationwide); Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2% (each official regionally)
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Sri Lanka
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Sinhala 74% (official and national), Tamil 18% (national), other 8%; English is commonly used in government and spoken competently by about 10%
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Sudan
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Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English
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Suriname
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Dutch (official), Surinamese (lingua franca), English widely spoken, Hindustani, Javanese
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Swaziland
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English, siSwati (both official)
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Sweden
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Swedish, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
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Switzerland
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German 64%, French 20%, Italian 7% (all official); Romansch 0.5% (national)
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Syria
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Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understood
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Taiwan
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Chinese (Mandarin, official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects
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Tajikistan
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Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business
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Tanzania
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Swahili, English (both official); Arabic; many local languages
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Thailand
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Thai (Siamese), English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects
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Togo
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French (official, commerce); Ewé, Mina (south); Kabyé, Dagomba (north); and many dialects
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Tonga
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Tongan (an Austronesian language), English
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Trinidad and Tobago
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English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese
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Tunisia
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Arabic (official, commerce), French (commerce)
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Turkey
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Turkish (official), Kurdish, Dimli, Azeri, Kabardian
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Turkmenistan
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Turkmen 72%; Russian 12%; Uzbek 9%, other 7%
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Tuvalu
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Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)
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Uganda
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English (official), Ganda or Luganda, other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
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Ukraine
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Ukrainian 67%, Russian 24%, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian
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United Arab Emirates
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Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu
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United Kingdom
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English, Welsh, Scots Gaelic
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United States
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English 82%, Spanish 11% (2000)
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Uruguay
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Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero
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Uzbekistan
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Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
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Vanuatu
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Bislama 23% (a Melanesian pidgin English), English 2%, French 1% (all 3 official); more than 100 local languages 73%
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Vatican City (Holy See)
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Italian, Latin, French, various other languages
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Venezuela
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Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects
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Vietnam
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Vietnamese (official); English (increasingly favored as a second language); some French, Chinese, Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)
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Western Sahara (proposed state)
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Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic
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Yemen
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Arabic
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Zambia
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English (official); major vernaculars: Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga; about 70 other indigenous languages
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Zimbabwe
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English (official), Shona, Ndebele (Sindebele), numerous minor tribal dialects
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